Saturday, November 15, 2014

Disease

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that affects the part or all of an organism. It is generally caused by external source, such as infectious bacteria, or virus or parasites. It may be also caused by internal malfunction of certain system or organ of the body of living things. In case of human being, ‘disease’ has broader concept, it refers to any condition such as pain, malfunction of organ, social problems to the person that decreases the capability of human being. It also includes injuries, disabilities, infections caused due to accidents that may occur in day to day life during living process. Diseases not only affect people physically, but also emotionally as it greatly affects person’s personality, and perception towards life. There are mainly four types of diseases i.e i) Pathogenic disease ii) Deficiency disease iii) Hereditary disease iv) Physiological disease Other types of diseases also include communicable and non-communicable disease. i) Pathogenic disease: Pathogenic disease is caused by organism such as virus, bacteria, fungus etc. these types of disease are transferred by human contact or natural environmental sources such as air, water, soil. These types of disease can be fatal and leads towards death if not treated on time. Some examples of Pathogenic disease are smallpox, influenza, ebola etc ii) Deficiency diseases: Deficiency disease is caused by lack of required amount of nutrient particle in human body. Human body needs different kinds of mineral and vitamins to carry out different functions of body, and if any of these mineral or vitamins lacks it leads to cause deficiency disease.the disease can be controlled if the vitamins or minerals that is lacking in the body is fulfilled. Some examples of deficiency diseases are scurvy, malnutrition etc iii) Hereditary disease: Hereditary disease are caused by inherit character of genes that are transferred from one generation to other. These types of disease are supposed to be transferred from one generation to other, this disease could not be cured, but could be prevented from occurring and its affects to different part of body, could be controlled through proper medication. E.g. of such diseases are diabetes, high blood pressure. The one specific character of this type of diseases is it may remain inactive in some generations. iii) Physiological disease: The disease caused by malfunction of any cell, tissue organ or system in human body are termed as Physiological disease. They are the most dangerous diseases one could have, could be solved in some cases and couldn’t be in other. Some example of these diseases are hemochromatosis, paralysis etc. Communicable diseases are such kind of diseases that could easily transfer from one person to another due to physical contact, or factors that are present in the environment like air water, soil, etc. Communicable disease causes epidemics sometimes, for e.g. Ebola, Common Cold, etc. it is caused by viral infection. Non communicable diseases are such kind that doesn’t transfer from one person to other; it is rather caused by malfunction of certain organs or systems of body. They are considered to be fatal disease, for e.g. brain tumour, heart diseases etc.

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